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(iv) Medical Cyclotron

Short-lived radioisotopes that are used in nuclear medicine PET scans are
generally produced in medical cyclotron facilities. In India, cyclotrons are primarily
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utilised for the production of F labelled radio-pharmaceuticals. The medical cyclotron
facilities are of high-to- moderate radiation hazard potential.

(v) Industrial Radiography (IR)

Radiography using Industrial Radiography Exposure Device (IRED), is one of
the important non-destructive (NDT) methods used for study / evaluation of weld
joints, castings etc. Radioisotopes like 192 Ir, Co, Se
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60
and different energies of X-rays are used in the field
of industrial radiography. The activity range is from
few hundreds of GBq to few TBq. The X-ray energy
range is from few hundreds of keV to few MeV. They
are of high-to- moderate radiation hazard potential.

(vi) Nucleonic Gauges (NG)

Nucleonic Gauges also known as Ionising Radiation Gauging Devices
(IRGD) are used for online measurement/monitoring of
quality control parameters such as thickness, level, density,
coating thickness, composition of material, elemental
analysis etc. Sources used for nucleonic gauges comprise of
gamma sources (e.g. Co, 137 Cs, 241 Am), beta sources (e.g.
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241
85 Kr, Sr, 147 Pm, 204 Tl) and neutron sources ( Am-Be and 252 Cf). The activity range is from
90
MBq to GBq. They are of moderate-to-low radiation hazard potential.

(vii) Well Logging (WL)
Radioactive sources are used in well logging application for exploration of oil,
coal and geophysical logging etc. The sources used are mainly 137 Cs for density
measurement, 241 Am-Be and neutron generators (Deuterium-Tritium generators)
for exploration of hydrocarbon. The activity range is from kBq to GBq. They are
of moderate-to-low radiation hazard potential.

Some calibration sources such as Co, 226 Ra, 232 Th of MBq activity are also
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used in well logging.

AERB Annual Report 2019 41