Page 30 - AERB Bulletin English

Gamma Irradiation Chamber (GIC)

Gamma Irradiation Chamber is basically used for research and development
in research and academic institutions and also in blood banks for irradiation
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of blood and blood components. Radioisotopes like Co and 137 Cs are used in
these applications. The activity ranges from few tens of TBq to few hundreds
of TBq. They are of high to moderate radiation hazard potential.

Now a days, Irradiator based on X-ray generator are also used in blood banks
and research application. X-ray energy range is from 160 to 300 keV.

Medical Cyclotron
Short-lived radioisotopes that are used in nuclear medicine Positron Emission
Tomography (PET) scans are generally produced in medical cyclotron facilities.
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In India, cyclotrons are primarily utilised for the production of F labelled radio-
pharmaceuticals. The medical cyclotron facilities are of high-to-moderate radiation
hazard potential.

Industrial Radiography (IR)

Radiography using Industrial Radiography Exposure Device (IRED), is
one of the important non-destructive (NDT)
methods used for study / evaluation of weld joints,
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castings etc. Radioisotopes like 192 Ir, Co, Se and
different energies of X-rays are used in the field of
industrial radiography. The activity range is from
few hundreds of GBq to few TBq. The X-ray energy
range is from few hundreds of keV to few MeV. They are of high-to-moderate
radiation hazard potential.

Nucleonic Gauges (NG)

Nucleonic Gauges also known as
Ionising Radiation Gauging Devices (IRGD) are used
for online measurement/monitoring of quality control
parameters such as thickness, level, density, coating
thickness, composition of material, elemental analysis etc. Sources used for nucleonic
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gauges comprise of gamma sources (e.g. Co, 137 Cs, 241 Am), beta sources (e.g. Kr, Sr,
241
147 Pm, 204 Tl) and neutron sources ( Am-Be and 252 Cf). The activity range is from MBq to GBq. They are of
moderate-to-low radiation hazard potential.
Well Logging (WL)

Radioactive sources are used in well logging application for exploration of
oil, coal and geophysical logging etc. The sources used are mainly 137 Cs for
density measurement, 241 Am-Be and neutron generators (Deuterium-Tritium
generators) for exploration of hydrocarbon. The activity range is from kBq to
GBq. They are of moderate-to-low radiation hazard potential.

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Some calibration sources such as Co, 226 Ra, 232 Th of MBq activity are also
used in well logging.

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AERB BULLETIN 2019
AERB BULLETIN 2019